Before the Election Day, about 80% of retweets were in favour of Trump while only 20% of retweets were supporting Clinton. Similar trend is observed for the US Election sample. In the other words, there is a sign that during pre-event period, humans tended to spread the leave messages that were originally generated by bots.
Furthermore, before the Referendum day, among those humans’ retweets from bots, tweets by the Leave side accounted for about 50% of retweets while only nearly 20% of retweets had pro-remain content. More specifically, for every 100 bots’ tweets that were retweeted, about 80-90 tweets were made by humans.
Although Tho Pham, one of the report authors, confirmed to us in an email that the majority of those Brexit tweets were posted on June 24, 2016, the day after the vote - when around 39,000 Brexit tweets were posted by Russian accounts, according to the analysis.īut in the run up to the referendum vote they also generally found that human Twitter users were more likely to spread pro-leave Russian bot content via retweets (vs pro-remain content) - amplifying its potential impact.ĭuring the Referendum day, there is a sign that bots attempted to spread more leave messages with positive sentiment as the number of leave tweets with positive sentiment increased dramatically on that day.
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